diff --git a/src/app.js b/src/app.js
index f00c814..b9a9c12 100644
--- a/src/app.js
+++ b/src/app.js
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 app.set("view engine", "handlebars");
 app.set("views", "./src/views");
 
-setupMiddleware(app);
+app.use(setupMiddleware());
 
 port = process.env.PORT || 3400;
 
diff --git a/src/middleware/index.js b/src/middleware/index.js
index 1f75393..3179db6 100644
--- a/src/middleware/index.js
+++ b/src/middleware/index.js
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
   morganError,
 } = require("./logging");
 
-function setupMiddleware(app) {
+function setupMiddleware() {
+  const app = express();
   app.use(logEvent);
   app.use(morganInfo);
   app.use(morganWarn);
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
     next(err);
   });
   app.use(errorHandler);
+  return app;
 }
 
 module.exports = setupMiddleware;